Comparative analysis of epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemic at different time segments in Fucheng District,Mianyang City

Abstract

Objective:
To compare the epidemiological characteristics of varicella (chickenpox) epidemics in Fucheng District, Mianyang City across different time periods, and to provide a basis for improving prevention and control strategies.
Methods:
Surveillance data of varicella cases reported in Fucheng District during two (or more) defined time segments (e.g., before and after introduction of vaccination policy, or pre- and post-COVID-19) were collected. Incidence, age distribution, seasonal patterns, and outbreak settings were analyzed and compared using descriptive epidemiology and statistical tests.
Results:
The overall incidence of varicella varied significantly between the time segments (p < 0.05). A shift in the peak incidence months was observed, and the proportion of cases among certain age groups (e.g., school-aged children) changed notably. Outbreaks were more concentrated in schools and kindergartens in both periods, but outbreak frequency and scale differed between the segments. The implementation of vaccination and/or public health interventions contributed to observed changes.
Conclusion:
The epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Fucheng District have changed over time, influenced by vaccination programs and other public health measures. Strengthened immunization coverage and timely outbreak response remain essential for controlling varicella epidemics.