Investigation of one case of two pathogen infections coupled to the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Abstract

Abstract
Background: The widespread administration of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has played a critical role in controlling COVID-19. However, immune responses following vaccination may influence susceptibility to other infections. This study investigates a rare case of co-infection with two pathogens following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Methods: We describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and course of a patient who developed dual infection after receiving an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Pathogen identification was performed using PCR, serology, and culture methods. Immune status, including inflammatory markers and lymphocyte subsets, was also assessed.
Results: The patient, previously healthy, presented with fever, respiratory symptoms, and gastrointestinal distress within days of vaccination. Laboratory tests confirmed simultaneous infection with Pathogen A and Pathogen B. Immune profiling revealed transient lymphopenia and elevated inflammatory cytokines. The patient responded to targeted antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, recovering fully without sequelae.
Conclusion: This case highlights the need for vigilance regarding potential interactions between vaccination-induced immune modulation and susceptibility to concurrent infections. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical implications of such rare occurrences.
Keywords: co-infection, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, inactivated vaccine, immune response, case report